Kalimat aktif (active
voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya,
kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai
pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam
kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering
kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di
majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena
object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan
dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
- Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
- Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat
kita lihat bahwa:
- Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
- Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
- Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
- Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
- Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
- Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – odi bawah.
Berdasarkan
keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
|
Subject +
be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
|
Pola active dan
passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple
present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahis, am atau are.
Contoh:
- Active : He meets them everyday.
- Passive : They are met by him everyday.
- Active : She waters this plant every two days.
- Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple
past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwas atau were
Contoh:
- Active : He met them yesterday
- Passive : They were met by him yesterday
- Active : She watered this plant this morning
- Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga
menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
- Active : He has met them
- Passive : They have been met by him
- Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
- Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
- Active : He had met them before I came.
- Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
- Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
- Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple
future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbe
Contoh:
- Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
- Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
- Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
- Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
- Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
- Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will
have been’
Contoh:
- Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
- Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
- Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
- Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past
future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would
have been’.
Contoh:
- Active : He would have met them.
- Passive : They would have been met by him.
- Active : She would have watered this plant.
- Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He is meeting them now.
- Passive : They are being met by him now.
- Active : She is watering this plant now.
- Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were)
+ being.
Contoh:
- Active : He was meeting them.
- Passive : They were being met by him.
- Active : She was watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been +
being.
Contoh:
- Active : He has been meeting them.
- Passive : They have been being met by him.
- Active : She has been watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had
been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He had been meeting them.
- Passive : They had been being met by him.
- Active : She had been watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be +
being.
Contoh:
- Active : He will be meeting them.
- Passive : They will be being met by him.
- Active : She will be watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past
future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would
be + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He would be meeting them.
- Passive : They would be being met by him.
- Active : She would be watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will
have been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He will have been meeting them.
- Passive : They will have been being met by him.
- Active : She will have been watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past
future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would
have been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He would be meeting them.
- Passive : They would be being met by him.
- Active : She would be watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Contoh-contoh
yang lain:
- Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
- The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).
- These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).
- There is no meal left. All has been devoured helpedby Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).
- English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).
FORMING THE
PASSIVE
active
: (a) Mary (s) helped (v) the boy (o)
passive: (b)
the boy (s) was helped (v) by Mary
form of the
passive: be + past participle
in the
passive, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of
the verb: "the boy" in (a) becomes the subject of the passive verb in
(b). (a) and (b) have the same meaning.
active
: (c) an accident happened.
passive: (d)
(none)
only
transitive verbs (verbs that are following by an object) are used in the
passive. It is not possible to use verbs such as happen, sleep, come, and
seem (intransitive verbs) in the passive. (see apendix 1, Chart
A-1.)
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
simple
present Mary
helps Jhon.
Jhon
is helped by Mary
present
progressive Mary is helping Jhon.
Jhon is being helpes by
Mary
present
perfect
Mary has helped Jhon.
Jhon has been helped by
Mary
simple
past
Mary helped
Jhon.
Jhon was
helped by Mary
past progressive Mary was
helping Jhon. Jhon was
being helped by Mary
past perfect Mary had
helped Jhon. Jhon had
been helped by Mary
simple future Mary will
help Jhon. Jhon will
be helped by Mary
be going to Mary is
going to help Jhon.
Jhon is going to be helped by Mary
future perfect* Mary will have helped Jhon. Jhon will
have been helped by Mary
BENTUK PASIF YANG SERING DIGUNAKAN SEBAGAI KATA SIFAT
-
He has eaten
a boiled egg and fried chicken
-
I like
roasted beef
-
Samuel is a
grown man
-
Mr. Edward is
an experienced trainer
-
Mr. Harper always
has lots of interested listeners
-
Mrs. Hansen is
an educated woman
-
Carlos is
good at written germ
Referensi:
Referensi Buku:
Betty Schrampfer Azar, UNDERSTANDING
AND USING ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Idi Supono, English Grammar tata bahasa inggris
lengkap
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